Science

Methodology

How the Sapience assessment works, what it measures, and where the science comes from.

๐Ÿงฉ Raven's Progressive Matrices

The test is built around abstract pattern problems derived from Raven's Progressive Matrices (RPM), the most widely used and validated measure of fluid intelligence (Gf). RPM items require pure reasoning from visual information, making them largely independent of language and educational background. This is what psychometricians call "culture-fair" testing.

๐Ÿง  WAIS-IV Domain Structure

We organize cognitive performance into domains inspired by the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-IV): verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, working memory, and processing speed. This gives a diagnostic breakdown rather than a single undifferentiated score.

๐Ÿ“Š Stanford-Binet Age Norming

Scores are compared against age-matched reference groups using a normal distribution with mean 100 and standard deviation 15, consistent with Stanford-Binet methodology. A 14-year-old and a 40-year-old are evaluated against their own cohort.

โšก Processing Speed as a Factor

Response time per question contributes to the processing speed domain score. Neural conduction velocity, or how fast signals travel between neurons, correlates with general intelligence (g). We track this as a secondary measure alongside accuracy.

๐Ÿ”€ Randomization

Questions are shuffled in a new random order every time someone takes the test, and answer option positions are also randomized. This prevents order effects and makes practice retakes more meaningful.

โš ๏ธ Limitations

This is not a clinical assessment. Online IQ tests have known limitations: no examiner observation, no standardized environment, and no control over distractions. Results should be treated as an informative estimate, not a definitive score. For clinical evaluation, see a licensed psychologist.

References

Raven, J. C. (1936). Mental tests used in genetic studies.
Wechsler, D. (2008). WAIS-IV administration and scoring manual.
Carroll, J. B. (1993). Human Cognitive Abilities. Cambridge University Press.
Gottfredson, L. S. (1997). Mainstream science on intelligence. Intelligence, 24(1), 13-23.
Batty, G. D., Deary, I. J., & Gottfredson, L. S. (2009). Premorbid (early life) IQ and later mortality risk. Annals of Epidemiology.
Jaeggi, S. M. et al. (2008). Improving fluid intelligence with training on working memory. PNAS.

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